This collection of eight essays on the archaeology of Greek colonisation, dedicated to Sir John Boardman on the occasion of his retirement, has now been reprinted in paperback. Greek colonisation continues to be a much debated topic among ancient historians and archaeologists of the Mediterranean region. These classic essays focus on archaeological research, but they consider themes relevant to archaeologists and historians alike, including: the motivation for colonisation, identity, and social integration; technology and trade; collaboration, competition and conflict. First published in 1994, the new edition includes a new preface and corrections. Contributors: A M Snodgrass, M R Popham, D Ridgway, J N Coldstream, B B Shefton, F De Angelis, G R Tsetskhladze, and J Boardman.

Le Yaudet is a promontory of granite commanding the estuary of the river Léguer down-river from the modern town of Lannion (Côtes d'Armor). It has long been known as the 'Old Town' (Civitas vetus in Latin documents and Coz Yaudet in Breton) and Iron Age, Roman and medieval finds have been made from time to time over the last two centuries. A programme of research excavations began in 1991 and continued annually until 2002. The results of the work show the site to have been in use almost continuously from the early prehistoric period. This publication is the first of four volumes documenting the fascinating discoveries made at this important site. Written entirely in French, it provides an overview of the site, giving insight into the physical geography, the town's history prior to excavation, and the archaeological research programme. It is lavishly illustrated with many photographs and line drawings.

Archaeological settlement studies are called diachronic when they deal with chronological development - local or regional - over time. The articles in this book remain within the Bronze Age for the most part, and cover periods that vary from a few hundred to thousands of years. The contributions represent three traditions in European diachronic settlement studies: a Northern, where posthole archaeology has become the norm; a Central European, dominated by other elements, including the crucial role of the Danube in the understanding of innovation; and a South European, dominated by massive, well preserved stone architecture. The aim of this European Science Foundation (ESF) workshop, from which these reports emanated, was to present studies from a wide range of European countries in order to illustrate the different scientific approaches to common problems. By doing this, the participants examined how different research traditions, administrative practices and financial restrictions influence archaeological practices. They then search for new common approaches. The collection of reports cover archaeological studies from Scandinavia, northern Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and England. This book will be valuable for archaeologists and students of archaeology, not only for the subject matter of each report but also for the theoretical discussions of research methods.

This volume presents the results of work from five separate developer-funded excavations between 1992-8. Bronze Age field ditches were sealed by domestic buildings relating to the expansion of early Roman London after AD 70, contemporary with the timber amphitheatre located nearby beneath the Guildhall. The masonry fort was built in the early 2nd century AD and there was no evidence of a long-suspected predecessor. The fort's buildings seem to have gone out of use around the end of the 2nd century AD and its southern defensive ditch was backfilled. Extensive reoccupation came with the establishment of burgage plots after AD 1050. Twelfth-century development included buildings with cellars and evidence of bone- and metalworking. Birds of prey and high-quality pottery and glass imply the presence of a high-status person or property in the 13th century, but little survies from after this time.

This pioneering work shows how Celtic cultures understood the place of human beings in their natural environment in ways fundamentally different from our own. Benozzo explores the unique unfolding of landscapes in early Irish and Welsh texts, including Tain Bo Cuailgne, The Voyage of Bran, the Gododdin and the mythological Taliesin poem on the Battle of the Trees.

In 1995 a second phase of excavations was undertaken by Oxford Archaeological Unit (OAU) at Reading Business Park in advance of development. This volume reports on the occupation evidence they found dating to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and medieval periods. The Neolithic features included an unusual segmented ring ditch, and a number of pits and postholes, with associated flint assemblages dating to the late Neolithic. A field system, composed of rectangular boundary ditches, was laid out in the area prior to the establishment of the late Bronze Age settlement. The evidence for the late Bronze Age settlement included five roundhouses, and a number of post-built structures. The excavators also found numerous deposits of burnt flint that were made in one area in the later Bronze Age, and over time these grew into a substantial and unusually large elongated burnt mound. The authors discuss the origin of these deposits, together with the management of the overall landscape in the later Bronze Age.

Christian Monuments of Cyrenaica publishes archaeological studies undertaken between 1953 and 1971 by the late J. B. Ward-Perkins (d. 1981) and the late R. G. Goodchild (d. 1968). It presents Ward-Perkins accounts (mostly left in advanced draft form) of 44 monuments, 35 of them certainly churches, together with plans of each made by professional architects after survey on the ground, drawings of some details and a considerable number of photographs, together with a draft overview of the buildings techniques used. Colleagues have provided introductory notes on other major features of the buildings and drawn attention to some of the problems that they raise. They have also added a brief account of other Christian buildings reported since Ward-Perkins' last visit to Cyrenaica, both in Cyrenaica itself, the late antique province of Libya Superior, and in that area of the Western Desert which formed the closely-related province of Libya Inferior.The detailed evidence collected here represents a basis for the study of late antique and early Byzantine Cyrenaica of a quality and extent that has never been available before; and is all the more important because time and chance have now damaged some of that evidence. It also gives a quite up-to-date, although very summary account of new evidence awaiting serious study; which, we may hope, will lead to further advances in our understanding of the late antique and early Byzantine periods.

A detailed report, the first in a series of four, of two Anglo-Libyan projects carried out in the Fazzan region of southwest Libya. This volume outlines the history of the area, the work of Charles Daniels in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, and the most recent project directed by David Mattingly. The aims of the project are matched by the sections of this report and include syntheses of survey and excavation evidence for the geography, climate, hydrology and environment, as well as archaeological and historical data. Individual chapters also focus on the field-walking carried out from 1997 to 2000, the evidence for fortifications, settlements and domestic architecture, religious and funerary structures, irrigation technologies, rock art and inscriptions, ending with a summary of human activities in Fazzan from the palaeolithic to early modern period.

For a century following the end of the Lamian War in 322 B.C., Athens' harbour at Pireus was almost constantly occupied by a Macedonian garrison. The Macedonian presence dealt a crucial blow to Athenian independence and Athenian democracy, initiating the first in a long and intermittent series of foreign occupations. The twenty-eight papers in this volume are based on an international conference hosted by the University of Athens in May 2001, and focus on various aspects of Athenian art, archaeology and history in the century of Macedonian domination. They consider Athens' new role as a political stepping stone for potential Successors to the throne of Macedon - Cassander, Demetrios Poliorketes and Antigonos Gonatas were each able to secure Macedonia by using Athens as a power base - and the ways in which Athenian culture was affected by the Macedonian presence. They contribute to the ongoing debate about the reasons for the Macedonian ascendancy, the degree of independence accorded Athens by their Macedonian overlords, the third-century archon list, and changes in Athenian art and architecture.

The earliest investigations at the ancient city of Meroe were carried out by John Garstang and the University of Liverpool from 1909 onwards. This report on more recent work by a joint Sudanese-Canadian project in 2000 and 2001, reflects greatly on the work of previous investigations at the site, especially those of Garstang, in providing assessments of their work as well as new observations. The season described here consisted of museum research in Khartoum and Toronto as well as fieldwork and investigations at Amun Temple M260, the largest temple in the Kushite kingdom and the largest at Meroe, Mound M712, as well as observations in and around the Royal City. A report on pottery and small finds is given, as well as a catalogue of objects from Garstang's excavations held in museum collections.

A new fourth edition of an invaluable collection of literary sources, all in translation, for Celtic Europe and early Ireland and Wales. The selections are divided into three sections: the first is classical authors on the ancient celts - a huge selection including both the well known Herodotos, Plato, Aristotle, Livy, Diogenes Laertius, and Cicero - and the obscure-Pseudo-Scymnus, Lampridius, Vopsicus, Clement of Alexandria and Ptolemy I. The second is early Irish and Hiberno-Latin sources including early Irish dynastic poetry and numerous tales from the Ulster cycle and the third consists of Brittonic sources, mostly Welsh. This edition includes three new early Irish tales, translated by Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha: The Birth of Aed Sláine; Fingal Rónáin, and the Story of Mis and Dubh Rois.

This is a major new commentary on Jerome's Libellus de virginitate servanda , the first in any language to be devoted to this work. Written in Rome in 384, this treatise sets out the manner of life appropriate to a Christian virgin. It takes the form of a letter to a specific person, Eustochium, the teenage daughter of an aristocratic family, encouraging her to persevere in her intention of remaining a virgin. The Libellus , however, is more than just a friendly lecture on morality; it is an extensive academic treatise, forty-one chapters long, covering many aspects of virginity. Although the practice of unacknowledged quotation was common and acceptable throughout antiquity, Neil Adkin's commentary shows how far Jerome went in his borrowings from his Greek and Latin patristic predecessors and contemporaries, and also demonstrates how Jerome's brilliance as a writer enhanced his stolen material.

Julius Caesar changed world history by inaugurating the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. This themed volume of PLLS handles the important and controversial problem of Caesar's own attitudes to 'liberty' and 'autocracy'. It contains revised, annotated and sometimes expanded versions of papers delivered at the Seventh Annual Langford Conference held at Florida State University, along with one supplementary contribution and English translations of two papers originally published in Italian. The contributors constitute a distinguished international group of ancient historians.

Tell Brak in Syria is one of the largest and most important multi-period sites in northern Mesopotamia. Excavations in 1994-1996 cast new light on everyday life at the settlement through several phases of occupation from the early 4th millennium BC to the 2nd millennium BC. Volume 4 in the Tell Brak Monograph series provides an account of the architecture, artefacts, and environmental evidence, supported by a program of radiocarbon dating. The results emphasize the indigenous nature of cultural development in Upper Mesopotamia during these millennia. Among the highlights are a small temple dating to the Ninevite 5 period (earlier 3rd millennium BC), which provides new insights into a phenomenon that has hitherto been little explored; and an exceptional hoard of precious materials and artefacts that underlines the importance of Tell Brak in the later 3rd millennium BC. The report is completed by studies of subsistence, diet, economy, use of space, and craft activities, which focus on the variabilities and continuities in daily life that underlay the shifting political and cultural forces. These studies highlight the unique position of Tell Brak in the long-term ebb and flow of regional interactions across Mesopotamia.

Linguistic diversity is one of the most puzzling and challenging features of humankind. Why are there some six thousand different languages spoken in the world today? Why are some, like Chinese or English, spoken by millions over vast territories, while others are restricted to just a few thousand speakers in a limited area? The farming/language dispersal hypothesis makes the radical and controversial proposal that the present-day distributions of many of the world's languages and language families can be traced back to the early developments and dispersals of farming from the several nuclear areas where animal and plant domestication emerged. For instance, the Indo-European and Austronesian language families may owe their current vast distributions to the spread of food plants and of farmers (speaking the relevant proto-language) following the Neolithic revolutions which took place in the Near East and in Eastern Asia respectively, thousands of years ago. In this challenging book, international experts in historical linguistics, prehistoric archaeology, molecular genetics and human ecology bring their specialisms to bear upon this intractable problem, using a range of interdisciplinary approaches. There are signs that a new synthesis between these fields may now be emerging. This path-breaking volume opens new perspectives and indicates some of the directions which future research is likely to follow.

These thirty essays were presented to Alan L Boegehold, a distinguished philologist and an inspirational teacher, on the occasion of his retirement and his seventy-fifth birthday. The contributions fall into two categories, each one reflecting Boegehold's diverse interests in classical studies: the first section includes essays on literary and philosophical topics, several of which pick up on the theme of "gestures"; the second section is representative of Boegehold's more specialised research in Greek epigraphy, history and law. Contents: Biography of Alan L Boeghold; A divine audience for the celebration of Asopichus' victory in Pindar's Fourteenth Olympian Ode (L Athanassaki) ; Poi de kai pothen ; self-motion in Plato's Phaedrus (G W Bakewell) ; Drinking from the sources: John Barton's Tantalus and the epic cycle (D Boedeker) ; Mania and melancholy: Some Stoic texts on insanity (M Graver) ; A gesture in Archilochos 118 (West)? (C Hahnemann) ; When an identity was expected: The slaves in Aristophanes' Knights (J Henderson) ; Nemesis and Phthonos (D Konstan) ; A reading of Ausonius, Professores I (J Pucci) ; Horace epi. 1.13: Compliments to Augustus (M C J Putnam) ; When a gesture was misinterpreted: didonai titthion in Menander's Samia (A C Scafuro) ; Optical illusions in ancient Greece (P Tribodeau) ; Gesture (W F Wyatt, Jr) ; Some observations on the Appianos sarcophagus ( IGUR 1700) (G Bucher) ; The first tragic contest: Revision revised (A P Burnett) ; Notes for a philologist (J McK Camp) ; Two passages in Thucydides (M Chambers) ; Livy's narrative habit (J D Chaplin) ; Athenian prostitution as a liberal profession (E E Cohen) ; Sanides and Sanidia (John E Fischer) ; Thuc. 2.13.3: 600 T. of tribute (C W Fornara) ; Delivering the go(o)ds: Demetrius Poliorcetes and Hellenistic divine kingship (P Green) ; Lysias 14 and 15. A note on the grafes astrateias (M H Hansen) ; Counterproposal at Carthage (Aristotle, Politics II.11.5-6) (G L Huxley) ; Kallias A ( IG I3 52A) and Thucydides 2.13.3 (J Kennelly) ; Slander in ancient Athens: A common law perspective (W T Loomis) ; The bones of Orestes (D D Philips) ; The ostracism of Damon (K A Raaflaub) ; The date of Pnyx III: SEG XII 87, the law of Eukrates on tyranny (337/6 BC) (M B Richardson) ; Archon dates, atthidographers and the sources of Ath. Pol. 22-26 (J P Sickinger) ; A major Athenian letter-cutter ca. 410 to ca. 380: The cutter of IG II2 17 (S V Tracy) .