It is widely agreed that the birth of modern archaeology happened in Denmark in the 19th century. A particular set of intellectual and material circumstances came together in a small northern European country to forge the making of a new academic field of enquiry. The history of this event has been widely constructed from the vantage points of certain schools and subjects. This anthology aims to demonstrate that the early Danish pioneers saw little distinction between the study of classical antiquity, the middle ages, prehistory, ethnography and human evolution, nor between humanities and natural sciences. The contributions show how Danish scholars remained key actors and delivered pioneering achievements in the archaeology of Europe, the Mediterranean and the Middle East. In many cases, a full appreciation of their work has been blinded by the disciplinary boundaries of post-war academia. Rediscovering the intimate links between what was later to become separate subjects within the work of individual scholars, this book recasts the history of archaeology in the 19th and early 20th centuries as a joint quest for a global understanding of human history.

Early urban societies transformed social networks. This was also the case for Northern Europe’s emporia – maritime trading towns that emerged around the North and Baltic Seas in the first stages of the Viking Age. The surprising pace and scope of this change is rarely more evident than in the archaeology of Ribe, Denmark. This is the second and final volume presenting the results of the Northern Emporium research project and the high-definition excavations carried out within this programme in 2017-18 in Ribe. The 21 chapters survey the remarkable range of finds retrieved from this hub of the North Sea world in the eighth and ninth centuries AD: artefacts made from pottery, stone, shell, glass, metals, amber, leather, wood, textile, bone and antler. They offer detailed insights that highlight discoveries such as the assemblages from glass bead or comb-making workshops, and rare finds such as wooden furnishings and musical instruments.The focus of the book is on assembling Ribe’s early urban network. By analysing finds and their context, we develop a picture of social roles and interactions between residents and visitors in the emporium. And we follow the connections they created with other worlds as we trace the flows of glass vessels, pottery and wine barrels from Western Europe; iron, stone and animal products from North and Central Scandinavia and beads and coins that travelled from the Middle East and the Indian Ocean into northern Europe’s new maritime frontier.

Melchior Lorck (1526/27-1583?) is an extraordinary artist with an unusual career. Born in Flensburg on the border between Denmark and Germany, he grew up far from the artistic centers of his time. Supported by a travelling fund from the Danish king, he set out on an itinerary that would continue much longer and further than planned, leading him through Germany and Italy all the way to the Ottoman Empire, to Constantinople. Here, he laid the foundations of a life’s work that stands out to this day.This volume concludes the total survey of Lorck’s life and work, the remainder of which was published in 2009 in four volumes. The first presents Lorck's biography and all the known documents about him. The next three volumes catalogue his two most well-known outputs: The so-called “Turkish Publication” (vol. 2 & 3) and the Prospect of Constantinople (vol. 4). The present volume 5 surveys the rest of Lorck's manifold production – from his earliest to latest works, from Lutheran propaganda to projects for costume books, from designs for imperial entries to portraits of sultans and scholars, from emblematic images to cartography. The emerging image is as rich as it is fascinating.

Hans Christian Andersen is an cultural icon. But what is an icon exactly? And how did Hans Christian Andersen become one? In Denmark and abroad. This book looks into the different meanings and uses of the word icon and into the making of the cultural icon that is Hans Christian Andersen. In branding of businesses, as a cultural heritage, in the ability to transcend culturers.

From Homer to Hatzi-Yavrouda provides a multidisciplinary discussion of the concept of orality in the framework of Greek narrative tradition, from Antiquity to the 21st century.

This book, written in German, presents an interdisciplinary study of the south-eastern part of Denmark – South Zealand and the islands Lolland, Falster and Møn – as a border area between Danes, Saxons and Slavs from the 9th to the 13th century. In the archaeological evidence it is evident that the Slavic-inspired Baltic ware completely displaces the local ceramic tradition on the islands. In the period concerned, there is evidence of dynastic connections between Slavs and Danes at the same time as violent conflicts were taking place across the Baltic Sea. On Lolland, Falster and Møn there are Slavic place names, and in written sources the contours of Slavic noble families on Lolland and Falster can be traced through several hundred years, but otherwise the Slavs who lived on the Danish islands into the 13th century were completely assimilated within a short time.

Norway and Sweden are among the biggest consumers of energy per capita, yet the Nordic nations also lead the world in clean power production and have ambitious goals of decarbonizing their energy systems by 2050. Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland vary drastically in geography and the availability of natural resources, but each consistently generates electricity from renewable sources at multiple times the average rate of other high-income countries. Mogens Rüdiger and Anna Åberg present a concise and timely history of energy production, trade, and consumption in Norden, starting with a review of the regional energy mix—from wind, solar, tide and wave, geothermal, biomass, nuclear, coal, and gas sources. Brief chapters describe the diversity of Nordic energy markets, assess how far the green transition has come, and explore what comes next as global crises, domestic politics, and technological developments present novel challenges and opportunities. Energy infrastructures and economic activities, Rüdiger and Åberg argue, serve as unique cultural focal points in the region. The coauthors summarise the national policy frameworks for the sector as well as the key energy and economic indicators used in infrastructure planning, regulation, and the opening of the electricity and gas markets to free competition. Energy in the Nordic World is the essential primer to the power markets at the heart of Europe’s energy transition.

Denmark’s Catalyst: The Life and Letters of N.F.S. Grundtvig is the last book in the 6-volume series ‘N.

A history of Denmark depicts how Denmark, the Danish kingdom and the Danish state have developed and changed over more than a thousand years. In each of the book's nine chapters, researchers from Aarhus University focus on Denmark's political, cultural, social and international conditions. The authors describe the shift from the first joint Danish kings in the Viking Age and the medieval trinity of church, king and aristocracy over the arbitrariness of autocracy to today's democracy with a global outlook. They shed light on the ravages of plague epidemics, the social changes of the Reformation as well as the economic crisis in the interwar period, the accession to the EU and the increased military involvement in foreign conflict zones. It is a Danish story about the transformation from status and class society to welfare state, from peasant country to post-industrial society and from chroniclers to influencers. Based on the latest research, A Danish History provides a systematic presentation of Denmark's history.

The Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) enjoy some of the happiest populations and highest standards of living in the world, thanks in part to stable, democratic systems of government. Here, David Delfs Erbo Andersen presents a syncretic history of political and socioeconomic developments in the three Scandinavian countries since the early modern period, and contrasts their peaceful transitions with the more dramatic histories of otherwise similar European countries, like France and Germany. Unlike these and many other countries—the United States among them—Scandinavia’s transition to democracy from monarchy was not marked by major violent upheavals or extreme political antagonism. Rather, Scandinavia’s peaceful process of democratization owed itself to the development of a penetrative bureaucracy in the early modern period and the activism of cooperative associations, first of farmers in the early nineteenth century and then of industrialized workers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Thanks to the gradual, relatively consensual adoption of political reforms and social norms, the history of ”Nordic democratic exceptionalism” today helps account for the ongoing stability of the Scandinavian countries.

This book examines the model developed in the Nordic countries for handling labor market relations between employers and employees - a model that has secured flexible and well-functioning labor market relations with comparatively high remuneration in case of sickness or unemployment. Consensual - and comparatively efficient - policies have likewise been pursued in agricultural and industrial policies, in environmental policies, and in many policies related to public services. The preconditions for these policies are strong civil societies, i. e. strong capacities for collective mobilization and collective action among groups, relatively strong unitary states, and high levels of generalised trust. The institutional apparatus of these consensual policies has been labelled corporatism. Nordic corporatism has implied consent to a norm of affected interests. Groups that are supposedly affected by state policies have access to the processes leading up to political decision-making, and are involved in the implementation of policies. This access has often public commissions or committees charged with preparing political decisions and delivering advice, as well as policy implementation committees.

Endlich befreit. Die Erleichterung in Dänemark im Frühjahr 1945 war groß. Allerdings war dies keine große Hilfe für die über 200. 000 deutschen Flüchtlinge, die in den letzten Kriegsmonaten auf der Flucht vor der Roten Armee ins Land kamen. Der Zufall wollte, dass die in Dänemark gestrandeten Flüchtlinge von der Gnade ihrer dänischen Gastgeber abhingen. Die Deutschen träumten von einem neuen Leben, doch Dänemark war soeben erst von einer verhassten Besatzungsmacht befreit worden. Deswegen waren die Flüchtlinge nicht sonderlich populär – sie trafen auf Ablehnung bei den Dänen und bei den Behörden bis die letzten deutschen Flüchtlinge im Februar 1949 ausreisen konnten. Sie dokumentierten ihre Schicksale in Briefen und Tagebüchern, die in einer globalen Welt mit großen Flüchtlingsströmen eine zeitlose, aktuelle Geschichte erzählen. Treten Sie mit John V. Jensen, Kurator beim Museumsverbund Varde, hinter den Stacheldraht und tauchen Sie ein in eine Geschichte von Unglück, Leid und einem kleinen Hoffnungsschimmer.

Excavations in 1958-1963 on the island of Failaka in Kuwait uncovered a small community of Dilmun traders from the second millennium BC. Prominent among the finds were 629 beads, most of them made of semi-precious stone, such as different varieties of chalcedony (agate, carnelian, jasper, and moss agate) and quartz (rock crystal, milky quartz, and smoky quartz), and a range of other stone types, such as calcite, chlorite, lapis lazuli, turquoise and porphyry. Additionally, part of the beads was made of glass: a new prestige material of the second millennium. The study consists of a typology, a classification of materials and an analysis of the dating and distribution of the beads. Manufacturing techniques, including perforation and use-wear, are also considered. In a final discussion, the bead corpus from Failaka is compared with similar material from contemporary sites on Failaka and in Bahrain, along with some thoughts on connections and trade relations, which may be inferred from the materials and forms in the bead assemblage. The study proposes far-reaching connections with the Indus in the east and the Aegean in the west.

PoDIA 10 features articles presenting the results from archaeological sites in Cyprus and at Sikyon, Greece, the activities of Danish philhellenes, and a re-evaluation of the significance of an archaic Attic Sphinx in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen. Kristina Winther-Jacobsen analyses and discusses the ceramics and associated burial customs from two tombs in Cyprus from the Hellenistic-Roman period. Silke Müth and her team of researchers offer a preliminary report on the excavations and accompanying research in Old Sikyon 2018-2019. It is in the same connection that M. Arenfeldt Christensen presents a case study of human skeletal material from an Archaic grave in Sikyon, uncovered in 2019. Annette Højen Sørensen and Helge Wiingaard discuss the role of the Danish diplomat and minority expert as a Philhellene and present his collection of antiquities at Haderslev Cathedral School in Denmark in the light of the extraordinary circumstances in the first half of the 20th century which formed the borderland not only between Denmark and Germany but also between Greece and Turkey. John Lund discusses the activities of Frederik Scholten in Greece and the Greek world during the period around the Greek Revolution and presents his drawings from this period. Finally, Ingrid Strøm makes a case for adding the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek marble sphinx to the oeuvres of the Moscophoros Master and for rendering it a more central position in the studies of Early Attic marble sculpture.

‘A lover of light’: in 1912, a French critic used these words to describe the great Danish painter Peder Severin Krøyer, who had close ties to the French art scene for more than two decades. Krøyer first visited Paris in 1877, and his many letters clearly show the impact French art had on Krøyer’s own development as a painter, on the artists’ colony in Skagen, and on Danish art history in general. In Krøyer and Paris. French Connections and Nordic Colours, art historians Mette Harbo Lehmann and Dominique Lobstein describe Krøyer’s artistic development from the Golden Age tradition favoured by the Danish academy to Naturalism and the Modern Breakthrough. They show how inspiration from France can be traced in his painting technique and his open-air paintings from Skagen, revealing how French Naturalism made its mark on Krøyer’s distinctive style.

Cultural differences are often the trigger for conflict – whether politically motivated or arising from dissonant understandings of national culture. But what we regard as distinctive today in our cultural heritage or day-to-day cultural experience is deeply rooted in the rich diversity of the national currents of the nineteenth century. Culture and Conflict: Nation-Building in Denmark and Scandinavia, 1800–1930 explores the many strands of Danish and Scandinavian culture that helped to shape these cultural identities. The sixteen contributions in this volume analyse how competing national agendas influenced the development of political life as well as literature, the visual arts, and music. A central theme is the cultural conflicts that formed an essential part of nineteenth-century nation-building. Culturally as well as politically, boundaries were drawn up, ideologies were formulated and discussed, and determined attempts were made to suppress divergent cultural voices in the drive to forge strong national or Scandinavian narratives. The results of these conflicts were the enduring cultural struggles that form the subject of this volume. The contributions at hand, by scholars from Denmark, Britain, Norway, the United States, and Germany, bring a broad and interdisciplinary perspective to bear on these distinctively Nordic themes. Aimed both at students and at established scholars, the chapters discuss the many facets of nationalism, its cultures, and its countercultures, as well as revisiting the historiography of the 1800–1930 period with a more pluralistic approach.