For four centuries the British realm depended upon sea power to defend its interest and independence against a myriad of threats both military and economic. During this time the Royal Navy established itself as the sovereign of the Seas, helping transform England, and later Great Britain, from an unassuming island nation perched on the edge of the European continent to the centre of a global empire. Yet the advent of World War II presented Britain’s maritime services with their greatest challenge to date. At stake was the survival of the nation. The Longest Campaign tells the story of this epic struggle and the indispensable role that British sea power played in bringing about the victory that shaped the world we live in today. The Longest Campaign is a complete, balanced and detailed account of the activities, results and relevance of Britain's maritime effort in the Atlantic and off northwest Europe throughout World War II. It looks at the entire breadth of the maritime conflict, exploring the contributions of all participants including the Royal Navy, Royal Air Force and British merchant marine and their Commonwealth equivalents. It puts the maritime conflict in the context of the overall war effort and shows how the various operations and campaigns were intertwined. Finally it provides unique analysis of the effectiveness of the British maritime effort and role it played in bringing about the final Allied victory.

Between 1940 and 1945, large numbers of trucks of all categories were delivered to the U.S. Army by the Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors. Over 160,000 of these trucks were the G-506 light four-wheel drive trucks - which became the standard 1 1/2-ton, 4x4 truck for both the U.

Dwight David Eisenhower is one of those men who marked their imprint on the history of the 20th century as Commander of the Allied forces in the Mediterranean and Europe during the World War II, but it is often forgotten that he held the Oval Office of the White House for eight years. The one who was affectionately nicknamed Ike since his childhood in Abilene was always a reasoned and reasonable man.

This Volume Two of Pacific Adversaries conveys detailed stories of aerial warfare in the South Pacific, chosen because both Japanese and Allied records can be matched for an accurate accounting. Often the actual outcomes are very different to the exaggerated claims made by both sides upon which many traditional histories have relied to date. Further, for each of the chosen stories photographic or other evidence enables an accurate depiction of the aircraft involved. Through these chosen snapshots, Pacific Adversaries will portray the South Pacific conflict as accurately as possible. This second volume focuses exclusively on confrontations with the Japanese Navy Air Force (JNAF) in New Guinea and the Solomons, known to the Japanese as the “South Seas”. The JNAF first appeared in the South Pacific in December 1941 and was at the vanguard of offensive efforts during the course of 1942. Following the bloody Guadalcanal campaign, the JNAF fought a largely defensive war in New Guinea and the Solomons against increasingly powerful Allied forces. Perhaps surprisingly, right through to the end of 1943 the JNAF offered significant resistance to the Allies and never ceded air superiority in the vicinity of its key base of Rabaul. Only in 1944, when units were withdrawn to the Central Pacific and the Philippines, was the JNAF presence in the South Pacific finally wound down to just a token force. Never before have detailed accounts matched up adversaries so closely and in doing so shine light on key events in Pacific skies so many years ago.

Very few Australians today know of the fierce air battles fought across the Top End of Australia in World War II.For more than two years Japanese aircraft crossed the coast and bombed relentlessly. Savage dogfights were fought between the legendary Zero fighter and Allied Kittyhawks and Spitfires. Big twin-engine Betty bombers rained down blast and fire upon airfields and towns, even penetrating as far inland as Katherine, some 300 kilometres from the coast.Nearly 200 Japanese aircrew died in the onslaught. This book lists all of their names and describes all of the combat missions – and reveals for the first time that the number of combat flights, aircraft shot down, and aircrew who died is far higher than previously thought. Scores of aircraft were downed in combat operations ranging from Exmouth to Townsville, with the majority of action taking place in the Northern Territory. This new extensive research shows the number of air raids was higher than the previously suggested figure of 64, with 77 raids on the Territory alone, while 207 enemy combat flights were carried out across Northern Australia. 187 Japanese airmen died when their aircraft were brought down. In many cases their bodies lie in remote sites across the vast bush and coastal waters of the north. Many of the wrecks have never been found. The Empire Strikes South describes all of the aircraft used, and gives an insight into the world of fighter pilots and aircrew. With a full range of new colour graphics by renowned illustrator Michael Claringbould, this significant new research reveals a battle for Australia that has been previously unknown.

Only six escapees survived the Sandakan death marches of 1945 in North Borneo, the worst atrocity ever inflicted on Australian soldiers. 1787 Australian and 641 British POWs perished. Previous descriptions of the numerous violent acts have yielded little understanding of a situation where the real struggle was to keep one’s humanity when so many were losing theirs, whether Allied POWs, local residents of Borneo, Javanese slave labourers, or Japanese soldiers. Understanding this extraordinary story is aided by reference to a wide range of sources in different countries and disciplines, and by examining the perspectives of all players in this terrible game of survival.An unusual and extreme POW story, the Sandakan tragedy had four stages: active resistance in 1942-3, stubborn endurance in 1943–4, the collapse of civilized existence in 1945 and, finally, the postwar decades of torment for the six damaged survivors, the gradual assimilation of the story, the healing of the damage and the commemoration of the tragedy by the families and communities involved.

New Zealand, with close ties to Britain, was heavily involved in the war against Nazi Germany on the battle lines in Greece, Crete, the Middle East, North Africa and Italy. The experience was eye-opening for the new emerging nation, and a lasting bond between New Zealand and Greece was formed. Greece was a poor country in turmoil and pain during the 1940s. A military dictatorship was followed by invasion and terrifying occupation by Germany and its allies, starvation, civil war, political unrest and mutiny in its free military armed forces. New Zealand entered this arena and found a bond with a people that it still celebrates to this day. Absent is the complex, divisive and sometimes violent and surreal relationship between the two countries and the inescapable influence of Britain. Their story stretches from the mountains and open country of Greece and Crete to Middle East deserts, autumn-swept plains of Italy, and the blood-splattered streets of post-liberated Athens. Ironically New Zealand has forgotten the unpalatable but also sacrificed something that would have enhanced its own national storytelling about the war.

A revised and updated single-source reference book which accurately details the German field forces employed in Normandy in 1944 and their losses. Dr. Zetterling provides a sobering analysis of the subject matter and debunks a number of popular myths concerning the campaign (the effectiveness of Allied air power; the preferential treatment of Waffen-SS formations in comparison to their army counterparts; etc. ). He supports his text with exhaustive footnoting and provides an organizational chart for most of the formations covered in the book. Includes numerous organizational diagrams, charts, tables and graphs.

After spending four years in the Merchant Navy discovering the world and its pleasures, Werner Henke entered the Reichsmarine as an officer cadet in 1934. However, his need for freedom to go and resume his feminine conquests, his brawling, his love of jazz and dancing, excluded him from the active service of the officer corps of the Kriegsmarine in February 1941. He was aboard U-124 at the time as third officer, out on patrol. Picked out by Admiral Doenitz who was looking for strong personalities to command his U-Boats, he continuedthe patrol as an “officer on availability”. The admiral told him that if he was successful, his slate would be wiped clean. During his last patrol as second officer of U-124, he proved himself by supervising the firing of the torpedoes which sank 6 allied ships. He was awarded the Iron Cross, First Class, was reinstated for active service and was then given command of U-515, a Type IXC in February 1942. With a good crew, he obtained impressive results on his first patrol in the Caribbean by bringing back 10 pennants on his periscope when he returned to Lorient. His submarine, which entered the fray late during the summer of 1942, had already escaped 5 Allied attacks. Without hesitating he confronted a convoy of British warships alone in November 1942 ; he was also one of the rare U-Boats to obtain a kill during the Allied landings in North Africa ; U-515 resisted more than 200 depth charges. Captain Henke was awarded the Knight’s Cross. During his third patrol in the spring of 1943, as German submarine successes were on the decline, U-515 sailed to Freetown and crossed the path of a convoy in which he created panic. He sank 7 ships with their cargo, an operation that was so disastrous for the Allies that Churchill askedfor a report. Henke escaped another 6 Allied attacks. After returning to Lorient with 11 pennants, Henke was awarded the Oak Leaves. On leave in Germany, this navy officer with the strong character, who had already fought an SS officer, destroyed a local Gestapo office. The fourth patrol was cut short by the damage caused after a twelve-hour pursuit by destroyers who dropped more than 310 depth charges… Despite the shooting and the charges by a destroyer, then an attack by two bombers, the fifth patrol ended with four extra boats sunk. But when this ace of the 10th Flotilla left again on combat patrol, his experience and his cunning were not enough to save his submarine. Chased by a whole armada, he was taken prisoner by the Americans and, a rebel to the end, he chose his own destiny…

This new photo album is number 20 in the MMPBooks/Stratus "Camera On" series and is the first to cover an anti-aircraft weapon alone and whilst there have been a few books covering medium German 37mm Flak weapons before the 37 mm Flak 18/36/37 has never been covered in such photographic depth, this truly historically significant weapon along with the other German 37 mm weapons it evolved into are illustrated in this book that contains 160+ photographs. Nearly all of the photos being from the authors collection that were originally taken by ordinary German soldiers not professional propagandists. In this volume we endeavor to show this rarely illustrated equipment in detail but still show it as the soldiers viewed it as both their work place and in some cases also their home, not the highly posed and polished views of the official photographers. This book is an invaluable reference for military historians and modelers alike.

This new photo album is number 18 in the MMPBooks/Stratus "Camera On" series and is the first to cover such equipment as this historically significant mobile radar and its associated power generation equipment the book contains 140+ photographs of the Wurzburg Radar & various sub-types, its power generation sets and many of the types of prepared & temporary installations it operated from, the majority of the photos being from private collections taken by ordinary German soldiers not professional propagandists. In this volume we endeavor to show this rarely illustrated equipment in some detail but still show it as the soldiers viewed it as both their work place and also their home, not the highly posed and polished views of the official photographers.This book is an invaluable reference for military historians and modelers alike

The origins of most of the west’s Special Forces can be traced back to the Long Range Desert Group which operated across the limitless expanses of the Libyan Desert, an area the size of India, during the whole of the Desert War from 1940 – 1943. After the defeat of the Axis in North Africa they adapted to serve in the Mediterranean, the Greek islands, Albania, Yugoslavia and Greece. They became the stuff of legend. The brainchild of Ralph Bagnold, a pre-war desert explorer, featured, in fictional terms in The English Patient, who put all of his expertise into the creation of a new and, by the standards of the day, highly unorthodox unit. Conventional tactical thinking shunned the deep heart of the vast desert as it was thought to be a different planet, a harsh, inhospitable wilderness where British forces could not possibly survive even less operate effectively. Bagnold, Pat Clayton and Bill Kennedy Shaw created a whole new type of warfare. Using specially adapted vehicles and the techniques they’d learned in the‘30s, recruiting only men of the right temperament and high levels of fitness and endurance, the first patrols set out bristling with automatic weapons. The 30-cwt Chevy truck and the famous Jeep have become iconic, the LRDG, in a dark hour, was the force which took the fight to the enemy, roving over the deep desert – a small raider’s paradise, attacking enemy convoys and outposts, destroying aircraft and supplies, forcing the Axis to expend more and more resources protecting their vulnerable lines. Their work was often dangerous, always taxing, exhausting and uncomfortable. They were a new breed of soldier. The Axis never managed to equip any similar unit, they never escaped their fear of the scorching wilderness. Once the desert war was won they transferred their skills to the Mediterranean sector, re-training as mountain guerrillas, serving in the ill-fated Dodecanese campaign, then in strife torn Albania, Yugoslavia and Greece, fighting alongside the mercurial partisans at a time the Balkans were sliding towards communist domination or civil war. In addition LRDG worked alongside the fledgling SAS and they established, beyond all doubt, the value of highly trained Special Forces, a legacy which resonates today.

Born in June 1922, in Baden, Richard Freiherr von Rosen was to become a true Panzer man. Coming from a noble family, although he wasn’t attracted by war, he nonetheless started an officer’s career. At 18, he was incorporated into the Panzer-Ersatz-Abteilung 35. A rigorous period, after which he spent a few months of occupation in South West France before getting his baptism of fire in a Panzer III during the attack against the USSR, at the end of June 1941. Wounded a few weeks later then recovered, at the beginning of 1942, he joined the famous Wunsdorf armour school out of which he graduated as a Leutnant. In January 1943, von Rosen joined the schwere Panzer-Abteilung 502, equipped with brand new Tiger tanks in which he served on the harsh Eastern Front, in the Kalmuks Plain, before being transferred to the powerful s.Pz-Abt.503 as Zugführer. There, Baron von Rosen went through several bitter armoured confrontations to the south of Kursk, then long months of fighting across the Ukraine into Galicia in the spring of 1944, endlessly confronting the masses of Red Army T-34s. A few weeks after D-Day, the “503” was sent to Normandy where von Rosen and his “Tigers” were hit full blast by Operation Goodwood, to the east of Caen : fierce fighting against British tanks at Emiéville and Manneville. Losses were heavy and the Anglo-American superiority was crushing… Von Rosen and his battalion were withdrawn from the Normandy front, got back in condition, and then issued with new monsters, the “Königstigers”.

This latest in the Casemate Illustrated series explores American armor during the Pacific Campaign of WWII, from 1942-45. During this period there were over twenty major tank battles and operations where tanks provided heavy support to infantry units. These operations include the battle of Tarawa and the Bougainville Campaign. Relying heavily on first-person accounts, the strategies and tactics of the opposing forces are discussed. This book also looks at the Pacific theater, and how American armor was employed with great success in that theater of war. Detailed information on American and Japanese armored forces, including development, equipment, capabilities, organization, and order of battle, is given.

In the summer of 1943, the German launched Operation Zitadelle (Citadel), aimed at cutting off a large number of Soviet forces in the Kursk salient. This offensive resulted in the battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle of World War II.Kursk quickly became a fierce contest of attrition, as Wehrmacht and elite Waffen-SS Panzer-Divisions with their powerful Tiger and Panther tanks unsuccessfully tried to hammer their way through the intricate lines of strong Soviet defensive positions. What followed was unabated fighting for two weeks as German units were slowly and systematically ground down in a series of brutal armored battles.During this ferocious fighting the Red Army savagely contested every foot of ground, finally ending German invincibility forever. For the first time in its short history, the blitzkrieg concept had failed. The reverberations caused by the defeat at Kursk were immense, and never again did the German war machine go on the offensive in the East. Stiff defensive action was now the stratagem placed upon the dwindling Panzerwaffe right to the gates of Berlin.With comprehensive captions and text, Kursk tells the story of this dramatic battle using rare and unpublished photographs, maps, and highly detailed artist profiles. The book reveals the events leading up to the battle in the first half of 1943, and the build up of forces by both sides before their climatic showdown at Kursk.

This massive new reference work is broken up into sections presenting a detailed analysis of each corresponding order of battle for every German field formation above division. Additional new ground is broken by describing the orders of battle of the myriad German and Axis satellite formations assigned to security commands throughout occupied Europe and the combat zones, as well as those attached to fortress commands and to the commanders of German occupation forces in Eastern and Western Europe. An accompanying narrative describes the career of each field formation and includes the background and experience of many of their most famous commanding officers. Unlike similar works, these orders of battle are dynamic, and so account for the continuously changing character of Germany’s ground forces at war. For the first time, readers can follow the career of every German division, corps, army, and army group as the German armed forces shifted units to and from theatres of war, from the period of triumphant successes to the years of grinding defensive warfare and eventual defeat.