When tracing the course of development of ancient Greek historiography, one comes upon an astounding time gap of about 150 years, stretching from around the middle of the 3rd century to the end of the 4th century AD. In the first half of the 3rd century a rather numerous line-up of historians writing in Greek came to an end with Dio Cassius and Herodian. The lack of well-known Greek historians and extant works from this period is all the more surprising that in the history of Imperium Romanum this was a clearly defined, significant period of great political, economic, religious and cultural changes and breakthroughs. Among others, this time brought the emergence of Christian historiography. Eusebios of Caesarea wrote the first Ecclesiastical History and a Universal Chronicle. This was also a period of great development in Christian polemic literature, which used historical motives for apologetic purposes and propaganda. This heyday of Christian historiography, compared to a surprising decrease in the number of known histories written in Greek by Pagan authors, formed the basis for a theory of the fall of Pagan historiography in the second half of the 3rd century and in the 4th century.

Karl Marx observed that "just when people seem engaged in revolutionizing themselves..

This volume is the outcome of an international conference on landscape archaeology. It includes 15 contributions from participants from six different countries, who analyse the territories of the main ancient cities of the west, north and south coasts of the Black Sea region, discussing them also in a comparative, Mediterranean perspective. The particular aim of the conference was to join the forces of Eastern as well as Western researchers in establishing an overview of the relationship between the larger ancient cities and their territories. During the past 40 years this particular field of archaeology has developed into a highly specialised and sophisticated discipline. Based on a systematic sampling strategy, it aims at understanding regions beyond the individual site, frequently on a city-state, regional or landscape level. The methodological debate on this approach that is current in Mediterranean archaeology has, however, only had a limited impact so far on Black Sea region research, with most Western researchers still lacking a fundamental knowledge about Black Sea data and how they are generated.

The temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari at Luxor is one of the most fascinating architectural monuments of Ancient Egypt. It has been explored and reconstructed by Polish archaeologists for several decades and the present volume is the most recent result of these activities. The author tracks the history of the sanctuary in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods when it housed a lively cult of two Ancient Egyptian `saints', the deified sages Amenhotep son of Hapu and Imhotep. The book contains the complete edition of Greek sources connected to this cult, including 320 inscriptions left by pilgrims on the walls of the temple, as well as several ostraca and votive monuments. On the basis of this material, different aspects of the cult are discussed in a synthetic part of the book. These include: the topography of the cult and its history; gods worshipped in the temple; forms of the cult; the economic side of the cult; the visitors of the temple. The study closes with a chapter devoted to Deir el-Bahari in the Late Antique period when the place was frequented by a pagan corporation of ironworkers from Hermonthis.

The book collects 13 papers delivered at a conference held in Warsaw in April 2004, devoted to the memory of an eminent Warsaw Papyrologist and Romanist, Henryk Kupiszewski. The authors of the book, leading scholars in the field of Legal History, Roman Law and Canon Law studies as well as Papyrology, used different methodological tools, proper for their disciplines, to present the multifaceted reality of marriage in Graeco-Roman Antiquity.

A renewed interest in chronological problems has surfaced in recent years. In this volume deriving from the first international conference of the Danish National Research Foundation's Centre for Black Sea Studies thirteen contributions by scholars from Russia, Ukraine, Romania, USA, Canada, Belgium and Denmark review and discuss the elements on which the chronology used in Black Sea archaeology and history in the period c. 400-100 BC is built up. The subjects include: amphora and amphora stamp chronologies (Mark Lawall; Sergej Ju. Monachov; Niculae Conovici; Vladimir Stolba), coin chronology (François de Callataÿ), the Athenian pottery (Susan I. Rotroff), epigraphic evidence (Jakob Munk Højte), and a number of case studies presenting the material on which is based the dating of a series of Greek and barbarian/non-Greek sites and burial monuments on the northern shores of the Black Sea (Valentina V. Krapivina; Valeria Bylkova; Lise Hannestad, Miron I. Zolotarev, Ju. P. Zaytsev, Valentina I. Mordvinceva).

The recent renaissance of interest in the history of dress and its cultural importance is celebrated in this collection of interdisciplinary essays. The sixteen contributors present on-going research into the study of the clothed body in ancient Egypt and the Aegean, Classical Greece, Rome and Late Antiquity. Through literary and artistic evidence and film, they discuss how dress articulates and defines an individual within his or her given society, at the same time highlighting common themes in scholarship, methodological differences between disciplines and periods, as well as contrasting definitions of what constitutes the clothed body. Essays discussing Aegean Bronze Age fashions, costume design in filmed biblical epics, clothing in Aristophanic comedy, Greek and Roman female undergarments, the symbolism of the Roman toga, and the spectacle of images of Byzantine dress, are just some of the diverse subjects covered in this study.

As Peacock and Williams have noted, amphorae provide us "not with an index of the transportation of goods, but with direct witness of the movement of certain foodstuffs which were of considerable economic importance ..

This volume challenges the orthodox view that fishing and fish played only a marginal role in the economy of the ancient world. In fact, there is archaeological evidence for ancient fish processing on a commercial scale not only in the Mediterranean itself, but also on the Atlantic coast and in the Black Sea region, especially the Crimea. Our literary sources testify to the widespread culinary and medicinal use of salted fish and fermented fish sauces in antiquity, and especially in the first centuries AD. In this book, the authors assess the present state of research on ancient fishing and discuss its implications for the history of the Black Sea region, especially the period of Greek colonisation along its shores. While grain has traditionally been viewed as the main export commodity of the Pontic colonies, the existence of salting-vats on the coast of the Crimea indicate production of salt-fish or fish sauce on a large scale, presumably for export. However, many questions remain unanswered: for instance concerning ownership and organisation of the processing facilities, or how the finished product was transported to distant markets.

This collection of eight essays on the archaeology of Greek colonisation, dedicated to Sir John Boardman on the occasion of his retirement, has now been reprinted in paperback. Greek colonisation continues to be a much debated topic among ancient historians and archaeologists of the Mediterranean region. These classic essays focus on archaeological research, but they consider themes relevant to archaeologists and historians alike, including: the motivation for colonisation, identity, and social integration; technology and trade; collaboration, competition and conflict. First published in 1994, the new edition includes a new preface and corrections. Contributors: A M Snodgrass, M R Popham, D Ridgway, J N Coldstream, B B Shefton, F De Angelis, G R Tsetskhladze, and J Boardman.

For a century following the end of the Lamian War in 322 B.C., Athens' harbour at Pireus was almost constantly occupied by a Macedonian garrison. The Macedonian presence dealt a crucial blow to Athenian independence and Athenian democracy, initiating the first in a long and intermittent series of foreign occupations. The twenty-eight papers in this volume are based on an international conference hosted by the University of Athens in May 2001, and focus on various aspects of Athenian art, archaeology and history in the century of Macedonian domination. They consider Athens' new role as a political stepping stone for potential Successors to the throne of Macedon - Cassander, Demetrios Poliorketes and Antigonos Gonatas were each able to secure Macedonia by using Athens as a power base - and the ways in which Athenian culture was affected by the Macedonian presence. They contribute to the ongoing debate about the reasons for the Macedonian ascendancy, the degree of independence accorded Athens by their Macedonian overlords, the third-century archon list, and changes in Athenian art and architecture.

These thirty essays were presented to Alan L Boegehold, a distinguished philologist and an inspirational teacher, on the occasion of his retirement and his seventy-fifth birthday. The contributions fall into two categories, each one reflecting Boegehold's diverse interests in classical studies: the first section includes essays on literary and philosophical topics, several of which pick up on the theme of "gestures"; the second section is representative of Boegehold's more specialised research in Greek epigraphy, history and law. Contents: Biography of Alan L Boeghold; A divine audience for the celebration of Asopichus' victory in Pindar's Fourteenth Olympian Ode (L Athanassaki) ; Poi de kai pothen ; self-motion in Plato's Phaedrus (G W Bakewell) ; Drinking from the sources: John Barton's Tantalus and the epic cycle (D Boedeker) ; Mania and melancholy: Some Stoic texts on insanity (M Graver) ; A gesture in Archilochos 118 (West)? (C Hahnemann) ; When an identity was expected: The slaves in Aristophanes' Knights (J Henderson) ; Nemesis and Phthonos (D Konstan) ; A reading of Ausonius, Professores I (J Pucci) ; Horace epi. 1.13: Compliments to Augustus (M C J Putnam) ; When a gesture was misinterpreted: didonai titthion in Menander's Samia (A C Scafuro) ; Optical illusions in ancient Greece (P Tribodeau) ; Gesture (W F Wyatt, Jr) ; Some observations on the Appianos sarcophagus ( IGUR 1700) (G Bucher) ; The first tragic contest: Revision revised (A P Burnett) ; Notes for a philologist (J McK Camp) ; Two passages in Thucydides (M Chambers) ; Livy's narrative habit (J D Chaplin) ; Athenian prostitution as a liberal profession (E E Cohen) ; Sanides and Sanidia (John E Fischer) ; Thuc. 2.13.3: 600 T. of tribute (C W Fornara) ; Delivering the go(o)ds: Demetrius Poliorcetes and Hellenistic divine kingship (P Green) ; Lysias 14 and 15. A note on the grafes astrateias (M H Hansen) ; Counterproposal at Carthage (Aristotle, Politics II.11.5-6) (G L Huxley) ; Kallias A ( IG I3 52A) and Thucydides 2.13.3 (J Kennelly) ; Slander in ancient Athens: A common law perspective (W T Loomis) ; The bones of Orestes (D D Philips) ; The ostracism of Damon (K A Raaflaub) ; The date of Pnyx III: SEG XII 87, the law of Eukrates on tyranny (337/6 BC) (M B Richardson) ; Archon dates, atthidographers and the sources of Ath. Pol. 22-26 (J P Sickinger) ; A major Athenian letter-cutter ca. 410 to ca. 380: The cutter of IG II2 17 (S V Tracy) .

In its first three centuries the Roman Empire expanded politically at the same time as Greek culture was enjoying its heyday. This not only created tensions but also many productive impulses, which were mirrored in different branches of cultural life. In this collection of papers an assembled team of international scholars from the fields of philosophy, history of ideas, literature, epigraphy, archaeology and history explores the intercultural aspects of that thriving period. Lisa Nevett's paper "Continuity and change in Greek households under Roman rule - the role of women in the domestic context" looks at the extent to which individual households and especially attitudes to women changed under Roman control. her evidence of patterns of social behaviour is archaeological and she concludes that a relaxation of restrictions on women took place from the later Hellenistic period onwards and therefore was a development which had begun prior to the arrival of the Romans. Paolo Desideri surveys Greek historiographical literature of the second century AD to find a key to Greek mentality and political ideology in the late Roman Empire. The Greeks did not have to give up their civilisation and identity; Appian and Cassius Dio even created the idea of a Hellenistic rather than a Roman Empire. Philip Stadter in "Plutarch's Lives and their Roman Readers" argues that Plutarch in "Lives is counselling the elite class of the Roman Empire, and that Tiberius Gracchus in particular would have provided a useful lesson, e.g. for the emperor Hadrian. Ewen Bowie explores the literary tales of Hadrian in Latin and particularly Greek poetry, including ancient sources for his preferences, his own compositions and some of the poems composed by the friends of ministers. Hadrian seems to have preferred Antimaches over Homer, admired Archilochus, Parthenius and short polymetric compositions.

This is the second volume of the complete publication of Panskoye I, a short-lived Greek rural site in Northwestern Crimea dating from the period c. 400-270 BC. The settlement was founded by Olbia, the most important Greek city on the northern shores of the Black Sea. Half a century later the fortress was destroyed and the settlement taken over by another Greek city, Tauric Chersonesos. From then on and until its final destruction it formed part of the chora (territory) of this city. Both the necropolis and settlement provide invaluable archaeological information thanks to the unique combination of a very precise date with rich finds of the material culture such as pottery, metals, sculptures, coins, inscriptions, etc, as well as anthropological data allowing the paleodemographic reconstructions.

This is the first volume of the complete publication of Panskoye I, a rural settlement in North-western Crimea dating from the period c. 400-270BC. The settlement was founded by Olbia, the most important Greek city on the northern shores of the Black Sea. Half a century later the fortress was destroyed and the settlement taken over by another Greek city, Chersonesos Taurica. From then on and until its final destruction it formed part of the chora (territory) of this city. This volume published research results about a monumental building (U6) which was erected after the take-over by Chersonesos and details on the very varied and rich finds from the building. The volume encompasses detailed studies of the architecture and layout of the building, of a large number of finds such as sculpture, pottery, lamps, terracottas, coins, metal-, stone-, and glass objects and graffiti. Included also are the results of a number of scientific studies, such as geological, palaeobotanical and petrographic analyses. An introduction presents the large-scale survey of North-western Crimea which began in 1959 and of which the excavations of Panskoye I (1964-94) form a central part. This publication offers an insight into two important issues in ancient history and classical archaeology, a Greek city's exploitation of its territory and of the interaction between Greek settlers and all local tribes, in this case the Scythians and the Taurians. The volume is the first of three. Volume 2 will deal with the necropolis of the settlement, and volume 3 with the earliest fortress.

Gustav Friedrich Klemm was a 19th century scholar and collector of antiquities. Part of his collection which was purchased by the British Musuem in 1868, forms the subject for this book. It largely comprises a catalogue of material from the Old Germanic Confederation, with objects dating from the Neolithic to post-Medieval period. The catalogue is preceded by a discussion of the cultural and historical context of the objects and of the collection as a whole, along with some new analyses of items and comments on provenance and chronology. An important reference source since much of this material has not been properly published until now.